How can you tell if you aren't firing on 1-cylinder?

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I would insist on seeing the engine started from dead cold. It should start straight up and run evenly. A worn diesel may start well when warmed up, but not from cold.

Regards,
Richard.
 
A clogged injector may run cooler.
A leaking injector can run hotter, or cooler, if it is leaking too much and creating a rich fuel mixture to not fire.

Also, a "laser" temp sensor is an IR temp sensor, and the laser is simply a midpoint of the sensor. you need to get close to limit the averaging that happens with IR sensors.

If you have a skipping cylinder, put a piece of paper over the exhaust (assuming it isn't under water) and when it skips, the paper will flap back into the exhaust. This is an easy way to test for occasional or consistent skipping.
 
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